Volume: 8 Issue: 4 , 12/20/24

Year: 2024

Research Article

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Ali KALYON YALOVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Tribology
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anıl İMAK BİNGÖL ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Mechanical Engineering, Composite and Hybrid Materials, Resource Technologies
Cihan Bayındırlı
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cihan BAYINDIRLI NİĞDE ÖMER HALİSDEMİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Automotive Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines, Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Aerodynamics (Excl. Hypersonic Aerodynamics)
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Prof. Dr. Cüneyt EZGİ PİRİ REİS ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)
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Asst. Prof. Dr. Emre YURTKURAN Sivas Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi
Additive Manufacturing, Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles), Powder Metallurgy, Powder and Particle Technology, Experimental Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer
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Prof. Dr. Gültekin BASMACI MEHMET AKİF ERSOY ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Machining, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles), CAD/CAM Systems, Mechanical Engineering
Industrial Product Design, Powder and Particle Technology, Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles)
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Asst. Prof. Dr. Hamza Arda DEVECİ ERZİNCAN BİNALİ YILDIRIM ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Optimization Techniques in Mechanical Engineering, Solid Mechanics, Composite and Hybrid Materials
Mehmet Emin Deniz
Prof. Dr. Mehmet Emin DENİZ Batman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Makina Mühendisliği Bölümü Web
Mehmet Emin Deniz is Associate Professor of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Batman, Turkey. Previous positions: Harran University and Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey, as Research Assistant, 2002-2012. Authored/co-authored >40 scientific papers, including >16 published in peer-reviewed archival journals. Main research interests: mechanics of composite materials, finite element method, polymer composites, failure anaysis of pinned joint composites, low velocity and ballistic impact of composite structures, static and dynamic (fatigue) tests of composite pipes and plates, enviromental effects on composites (temperature, seawater).
Solid Mechanics, Composite and Hybrid Materials, Finite Element Analysis
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Dr. Instructor Muhammet Taha ACAR ERZİNCAN BİNALİ YILDIRIM ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Mechanical Engineering
Manufacturing Processes and Technologies (Excl. Textiles), CAD/CAM Systems, Optimization Techniques in Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Engineering
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Prof. Mustafa ATMACA MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ
Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering, Heat Transfer in Automotive
Mustafa Albayrak
Assoc. Prof. Mustafa ALBAYRAK MALATYA OSB MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU
Finite Element Analysis , Solid Mechanics, Material Design and Behaviors, Composite and Hybrid Materials
Mechanical Engineering
Saif Ali Kadhim
Lecturer Saif Ali KADHİM University of Technology - Iraq Web
Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Non-Newtonian Fluid Flows (Incl. Rheology), Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering (Other), Solar Energy Systems, Thermal Power Systems, Renewable Energy Resources , Chemical and Thermal Processes in Energy and Combustion, Mechanical Engineering, Experimental Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer
Sinan Ünvar
Asst. Prof. Dr. Sinan ÜNVAR Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi
Installation Technologies, Renewable Energy Resources , Solar Energy Systems, Energy Systems Engineering (Other)
Ph.D. in Scientific Computing
Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering, Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering, Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Fluid-Structure Interaction and Aeroacoustics, Multiphysics Flows (Incl. Multiphase and Reacting Flows), Mechanical Engineering, Numerical Modelling and Mechanical Characterisation, Transport Properties and Non-Equilibrium Processes, Mathematical Sciences, Numerical Solution of Differential and Integral Equations, Numerical Analysis, Finite Element Analysis , Approximation Theory and Asymptotic Methods
Finite Element Analysis , CAD/CAM Systems, Material Design and Behaviors, Mechanical Engineering
Süreyya Kocabey
Asst. Prof. Dr. Süreyya KOCABEY SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU
Circuits and Systems, Renewable Energy Resources , Engineering, Energy-Efficient Computing, Lighting, Electrical Energy Generation (Incl. Renewables, Excl. Photovoltaics), Electrical Circuits and Systems
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Prof. Dr. Yahya ALTUNPAK Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi
Materials Science and Technologies
Powder and Particle Technology, Material Design and Behaviors, Powder Metallurgy, Organic Semiconductors, Plating Technology, Composite and Hybrid Materials
Engineering, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering

The European Mechanical Science (EMS) journal values original scientific research in these areas and aims to support progress in the field of mechanical engineering by sharing these contributions with a diverse readership. With a mission to contribute to the scientific community, the journal brings together researchers, engineers, and academics, fostering knowledge exchange. EMS is dedicated to being an ethical, high-quality academic platform that produces diverse knowledge across various topics in mechanical engineering.

The European Mechanical Science (EMS) journal is an international platform that encourages the sharing of innovative research in the field of mechanical engineering. The aim of the journal is to contribute to scientific knowledge by encompassing a broad spectrum of disciplines within mechanical engineering. It focuses on original research articles and review papers in the following main areas:

  • Solid Mechanics,
  • Material,
  • Automotive,
  • Fluid Mechanics,
  • Thermal,
  • Engine and Power,
  • Dynamics and Control,
  • Robotics and Mechatronics,
  • Transportation,
  • Computational Mechanics,
  • Design, Systems, Manufacturing,
  • Biomedical,
  • Process, and Aerospace.

All manuscripts must be in English. Pages should be numbered sequentially. The manuscript should be composed in accordance with the Article Template (https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/journal-file/17712 ) given above. The maximum length of contributions is 20 pages. 

SUBMISSION

All manuscripts must be submitted electronically via the Internet through the online system for EMS journals at https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ems. After selecting the journal, you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. Papers are accepted for evaluation on the understanding that:
• they have not been published,
• they are not being considered for publication simultaneously elsewhere,
• they are not going to be submitted for publication elsewhere.

Checklist

During the submission process, authors should check that their submissions comply with all the items in the list below, applications that do not comply with this guideline will be sent back to the authors.
1. The submitted manuscript has not been previously published or submitted to any journal for consideration.
2. The manuscript file is in the format of Microsoft Word document.
3. URLs of references are provided where available.
4. The text is double-spaced, written in 12-point, italicized instead of underlined (except URL addresses), and all figures, pictures, and tables are placed in appropriate parts of the text instead of at the end of the page. Please send quality copies of the pictures as an attachment for printing. If the sent file size is too large, the system may not receive it. In such cases, you can divide the article and send the other parts one by one as additional files.
5. The text has been prepared in accordance with the formal and bibliographical requirements specified in the Author's Guide.
6. The similarity rate of the manuscript is ≤ 20%.

PRESENTATION

1. TEXT: It should be written in Times New Roman font and in 12 pt. It should not exceed 20 pages, excluding references and figures and scanning texts. Authors should specify what type of article their article is (Research Paper or Review Paper).

2. TITLE: TheTITLE: The title of the manuscript should follow sentence case, with only the first letter of the first word capitalized. In first- and second-degree headings within the text, the first letter of each word should be capitalized. In third-degree headings, only the first letter of the heading should be capitalized. No expressions in parentheses () should be used in the titles.

3. ABSTRACT: It should be not exceeding 250 words.

4. KEYWORDS: 4-6 significant keywords should follow the abstract to aid indexing.

5. MANUSCRIPT STRUCTURE: In general, the manuscript should cover the introduction, methods, results and discussion, and conclusions sections.
Notes:
The introduction should provide a review of relevant literature and sufficient background information to allow the results of the article to be understood and evaluated.
The methods section should provide detailed descriptions of the materials and methods used.
The results section should clearly and concisely present the data, using figures and tables.
The discussion section should describe the relationships and generalizations shown by the results, discuss the significance of the findings, and compare them with previously published work. The results and discussion sections may be combined in certain cases to ensure a more fluid presentation, such as when direct discussion of the results is necessary.
The conclusions section should highlight the main findings and provide recommendations for future research, avoiding duplication of the abstract.
Acknowledgment of collaboration or assistance (optional) may be included. However, it is mandatory to acknowledge the sources of funding for the research.

6. REFERENCES: must be cited consecutively in the text using square brackets [1] and collected together in a reference list at the end of the manuscript. (In references to be added at the end of sentences, a period sign should be placed after the reference given in square brackets.)

Notes:
A reference list must be included using the following information as a guide. Only cited text references are to be included. Each reference is to be referred to in the text by a number enclosed in a square bracket (i.e. [3] or [2] to [4] for more references; do not combine more than 3 references, explain each).
References must be numbered and ordered according to where they are first mentioned in the paper, not alphabetically. All references must be complete and accurate. Please add the DOI code if available.

Journal Papers:
Surname 1, Initials, Surname 2, Initials (year). Title. Journal, volume, issue, pages, DOI code.

[1] Calikoz, R., Ozcanli, B., & Serin, F. (2017). Simulating materials under vertical forces by using intelligent. European Mechanical Science, 57(7): 531-538. https://doi.org/10.555/ems.207.03.

Journal titles should not be abbreviated. Note that the journal title is set in italics.

Books:
Surname 1, Initials, Surname 2, Initials (year). Title. Publisher, place of publication.
[2] Ozgur, M. P. (2012). Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering. Gunlubey, Ankara.

Chapters in Books:
Surname 1, Initials, Surname 2, Initials (year). Chapter title. Editor(s) of book, book title. Publisher, place of publication, pages.
[3] Akarca, G. & Gelidor, M. (2016). Mechanical robotic systems. Calikca, V., Kurbetoglu, A. & Merdan, M. (Eds.), Cutting Edge Robotics. Literatur Bergli, Mammendorf, 553-576.

Proceedings Papers:
Surname 1, Initials, Surname 2, Initials (year). Paper title. Proceedings title, pages.
[4] Seferci, N., Malikoglu, S., Tosun, N. (2009). Applied mechanic in process industry. IMSEC 2016 Conference Proceedings, 422-427.

Published Thesis:
Surname, Initials (year). Title of the thesis, thesis type (Msc, PhD), university or institute where it was presented, country.

[5] Karacor, B. (2020). The usage of natural fiber reinforced hybrid composite materials as an alternative to automobile interior plastics, Msc, Çukurova University, Turkey.

Web Page:
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information should also be given if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.).

[6] Kompozitshop, (accessed date: 13 June 2021). https://www.kompozitshop.com/bazalt-fiber-kumas-200grm2-plain.

Standard Method:
The number of the standard, (year). The name of the standard, publisher.
[7] ASTM D3039, (2000). Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Material, ASTM International.

FIGURES
Figures (figures, graphs, illustrations, digital images, photographs) must be cited in consecutive numerical order in the text and referred to in both the text and captions as Figure 1, Figure 2, etc. Figures should be prepared without borders and on a white background. If a figure consists of several parts, each part should be labeled as a), b), c), etc., and an explanation for each part should be provided in the figure caption. Letters and numbers in the figures must be readable. Captions should be self-explanatory and placed below the figures.
Example:
Figure 1. The caption should be self-explanatory.

Graphics should be prepared with sufficient resolution for printing (min. 300 dpi) and submitted in common formats, such as TIFF, BMP, GIF, JPG, PDF. Graphs and line drawings should be prepared as vector images, such as CDR, AI.

Multi-curve graphs should have individual curves marked with symbols or should otherwise be distinguishable by using different line thicknesses or dashing.

TABLES
Tables should carry separate titles and must be numbered in consecutive numerical order in the text and referred to in both the text and the captions as Table 1, Table 2, etc. In addition to the physical quantities, such as t (in italics), the units (normal text) should be added in square brackets. Tables should not duplicate data found elsewhere in the manuscript. Tables should be prepared using a table editor. Letters and numbers in the tables should be readable. The captions should be placed above the tables.
Example:
Table 1. The caption should be self-explanatory.

FORMULAS AND UNITS
All formulas in the text should be written in equation format. Formulas should be given sequence numbers as (1), and (2). All units must be in the SI unit system.
Example:
F=ma           (1)

NOMENCLATURE (optional)
It can be given before the references at the end of the text.


[MANDATORY STATEMENTS]
The following sections must be included in your manuscript proposal, adjusted according to the specifics of your study.

Acknowledgments         
If not applicable, this section should be removed from the manuscript.

Research ethics
Provide appropriate information about research ethics.
If the study received ethical approval, include the following statement:
  • "The local Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review."
    If ethical approval was not required, use the following statement:
  • "Not applicable."
    Ensure that the information about research ethics is consistent with the content of the manuscript.

Author contributions
Include the mandatory default statement and, if applicable, provide more detailed information about each author's specific contributions.

Use the following structure to specify each author’s role:
- Conceptualization: [Author names]
- Methodology: [Author names]
- Formal Analysis: [Author names]
- Investigation: [Author names]
- Resources: [Author names]
- Data Curation: [Author names]
- Writing - Original Draft Preparation: [Author names]
- Writing - Review & Editing: [Author names]
- Visualization: [Author names]
- Supervision: [Author names]
- Project Administration: [Author names]
- Funding Acquisition: [Author names]

Mandatory default statement:
- "The author(s) have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission."

Competing interests
State if any author(s) have a conflict of interest, including the name of the author(s) and the reason. Use the following structure:
  • "[Author name] has reported a conflict of interest: [reason]."
    For other authors with no conflicts, add:
  • "All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare."
    If none of the authors have a conflict of interest, please include:
  • "The author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest."

Research funding
State if your study was financially supported

  • (add funding agency and grant number).

If not required, please insert

  • - “None declared.
Data availability
If applicable, please insert
  • - “The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.”

If the type of study does not include raw data, please insert

  • - “Not applicable.”

Peer-review

Externally peer-reviewed.

European Mechanical Science (EMS) follows certain ethical standards for publication, existing to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public trust in scientific findings, and due credit for original ideas. EMS is connected to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), abides by its Code of Conduct, and aims to adhere to its Best Practice Guidelines.

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). (2011, March 7). Code of Conduct and Best-Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors. Retrieved from https://publicationethics.org/files/Code_of_conduct_for_journal_editors_Mar11.pdf

Authors who submit papers to EMS certify that his or her work is original and is not published or under publication consideration elsewhere. In addition, authors confirm that submitted papers have not been copied or plagiarized, in whole or in part, from other papers or studies. Authors certify that he or she does not have potential conflicts of interest or partial benefits associated with his or her papers.

EMS will check for plagiarism in all submitted articles prior to publication. If plagiarism is detected at any stage of the publication process, the author will be instructed to rewrite the manuscript. Every submission will be scanned by Turnitin to prevent plagiarism. If any manuscript is 20% plagiarized the article will be rejected and the author will be notified. We strongly recommend that authors check paper content before submitting for publication. Plagiarism can be checked by using free online software, like (FREE PLAGARISM CHECKER at http://www.quetext.com.)
EMS is committed to objective and fair blind peer reviews of submitted papers and the prevention of any actual or potential conflicts of interest between writers and reviewers.

Authors must confirm the following:
1. Manuscripts must be the original work of the submitting author.
2. Submitted manuscripts must be unpublished.
3. There should be no conflict of interest. If it exists, it must be clearly stated.
4. Authors should cite all data sources used in the preparation of the manuscript.
Please note: It is unethical to submit a manuscript to more than one journal concurrently.

Reviewers must confirm the following:

1. Manuscripts are reviewed fairly based on the intellectual content of the paper regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, citizenship or political view of the author(s).
2. Any observed conflict of interest during the review process must be sent to the editor.
3. Information that may be a cause for rejection of publication must be sent to the editor.

Editors must confirm the following:
1. Manuscripts are reviewed fairly based on the intellectual content of the paper regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, citizenship or political view of the author(s.)
2. Information pertaining to manuscripts is kept confidential.
3. Any observed conflict of interest pertaining manuscripts must be disclosed.
Please note: The Editorial Board takes responsibility for making publication decisions on submitted manuscripts based on the reviewer’s evaluation of the manuscript, policies of the journal editorial board, and legal efforts to prevent plagiarism, libel, and copyright infringement
Note: Author should make corrections in 2 months, otherwise paper will rejected.

Policies

Peer Review Policy

The author(s) of the present study and the journal accept(s) the ethical responsibilities that fit the PUBLICATION ETHICS. Each author is responsible for the content of his or her article. Articles submitted for publication are checked by the Turnitin (Professional Plagiarism Prevention) program. If an article contains plagiarism or self-plagiarism in more than 20% of the manuscript, it will be returned to the author for appropriate citation and correction.

• Submission of the same manuscript to different journals will not be accepted.
• Submissions with contents outside the scope of EMS will not be considered for review.
• Submissions will have a blind peer review.
• All papers are expected to have original content. They should not have been previously published or under review.
• The journal requires a minimum of three independent reviewers. All submissions are subject to a blind peer review.
• Publication decisions are made by the journal's Editor-in-Chief on the basis of the reviewer' reports.
• Submitted papers and reviewer reports are archived whether they are published or not and are not returned.
• Authors who want to discontinue the publication process after submission to EMS have to apply to the editorial board in a written correspondence.
• Authors are responsible for the writing quality of his or her papers.
• After submitting an article to the EMS, a fee is charged regardless of the acceptance/rejection condition.

Open Access Copyright Policy

Open access (OA) journals are scholarly journals that are available online "without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.” Open Access (OA) provides unlimited access and reuseability of research publications online for free. Therefore, the open access creates the network for reaching the widest possible audience, sharing the entire papers and building upon them.

EMS has signed the Budapest Open Access Initiative and shows its “openness” clearly in a standardized form.
EMS also supports the Budapest Open Access Initiative definition of ''Open Access,'' which is defined as:
“It has free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.”

Articles published in EMS will be Open-Access articles distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License
EMS is licenced by Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

You can find information about CC-BY please click https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 

The author(s) retain all copyrights of their articles. However, anyone is free to share, distribute, and adapt the work for any purpose, provided that proper attribution is given to the original author(s).

Archieving Policy (LOCKSS)
The LOCKSS system has permission to collect, preserve, and serve this Archival Unit.
The European Mechanical Scienceis using the LOCKKS archiving system.
The LOCKSS Program, based on the program used at Stanford University Libraries, provides libraries and publishers with award-winning, low-cost, open source digital preservation tools to preserve and provide access to persistent and authoritative digital content.
The LOCKSS Program (https://www.lockss.org/) is an open-source, library-led digital preservation system built on the principle that “lots of copies keep stuff safe.” The LOCKSS Program develops and supports libraries using an open source peer-to-peer digital preservation software.
The LOCKSS system allows librarians to access to the e-content to which they subscribe, restoring the print purchase model with which librarians are familiar.
The Global LOCKSS Network preserves today's e-journals and e-books for tomorrow's readers. The Global LOCKSS Network is a proven preservation approach that uniquely empowers both libraries and publishers. It enhances a library's value by restoring library collections via a locally installed "LOCKSS box", which is essentially a digital bookshelf. The Global LOCKSS Network enhances a publisher's value by preserving the original published artifact, including branding, historical context, and underlying files. It protects the publisher's interest by driving all reader traffic to their web site. The Global LOCKSS Network is administered and managed by the Stanford University Libraries LOCKSS Program. See the LOCKSS Program website for additional information, http://www.lockss.org/lockss/Home.
A detailed explanation of what sets the LOCKSS software apart and how preservation works in the LOCKSS network (e.g. technical infrastructure, security) can be found in the following link: https://www.lockss.org/use-lockss/how-lockss-works .
EMS LOCKSS data can be found in the following link: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ems/lockss-manifest

Complaint Policy
Complaints are welcome as they provide an opportunity for improvement. Responses to complaints should be quick, helpful, and constructive. Please address complaints with a volume number, issue number, paper ID, paper title, and page number.
EMS accepts the following complaints:
• Authorship complaints
• Plagiarism complaints
• Multiple, duplicate, and concurrent publications or simultaneous submissions
• Allegations of research errors and fraud
• Research standards violations
• Undisclosed conflicts of interest
• Reviewer bias or competitive/harmful acts by reviewers

Policy for Handling Complaints
If the Journal receives a complaint that any contribution to the Journal infringes intellectual property rights or contains material inaccuracies, libelous materials, or otherwise unlawful materials, the Journal will investigate the complaint. An investigation may include a request that the parties involved substantiate their claims (the Journal will make a good faith determination whether to remove the allegedly wrongful material). A decision not to remove material should represent the Journal's belief that the complaint is without sufficient foundation, or if well‐founded, that a legal defense or exemption may apply. The Journal will document its investigation and decision. We strive to ensure that EMS is of the highest quality and is free from errors. However, we accept that occasionally mistakes might happen.

Editorial Complaints Policy
The Managing Editor and staff of EMS will make every endeavor to resolve issues as soon as possible in the most appropriate way, offering a right of reply when necessary. We will investigate complaints in a blame-free manner, looking to see how systems can be improved to prevent mistakes occurring.

Guiding Principles
Our general approach to complaints is that they are a rare but inevitable part of a process that involves putting together complex material at great speed. Despite rare mistakes, we will spend effort to treat complaints with urgency. Timely solutions can prevent the escalation of problems. All substantial errors and complaints are referred to senior executives within the editorial staff.

The procedure outlined below aims to be fair to the submitting authors who have complaints as well as the things they complain about. All complaints will be acknowledged within three working days if by email. If possible, a definitive response will be made within two weeks. If impossible, an interim response will be given within two weeks. Interim responses will be provided until the complaint is resolved. Escalated complaints are sent to the editor.

How to Make a Complaint
Complaints about editorial content should be made as soon as possible after publication, preferably by email to: emsjournal01@gmail.com 


Article Correction Policy
The online, published version of an article is considered the final and complete version. Even though it is possible to correct this version, our policy (in common with other publishers) is not to do so, except in very rare circumstances.

The only typographical errors that can be corrected are: author names, affiliations, article titles, abstracts, and keywords. In such cases, an erratum or corrigendum would be necessary as well (see below) so that there is a record of the difference between the online and print versions.

We can publish a correction to your article if there is a serious error, for example with regard to scientific accuracy, or if your reputation or that of the journal would be affected. We do not publish corrections that do not affect the contribution in a material way or significantly impair the reader’s understanding of the contribution (such as a spelling mistake or a grammatical error).

Please send an email to emsjournal01@gmail.com in the event a correction is needed.

Errata
An erratum will be used if an important error has been found during the publication process of the journal article. Errors requiring an erratum include: an error that affects the publication record, the scientific integrity of the paper, the reputation of the authors or of the journal, and errors of omission (e.g. failure to make factual proof corrections requested by authors within the deadline provided by the journal and within journal policy).

Erratas are not published for typing errors except where an error is significant (for example, an incorrect unit.) A significant error in a figure or table is corrected by the publication of a newly- corrected figure or table as an erratum. The figure or table is republished only if the editor considers it necessary.

Corrigenda
A corrigendum is a notification of a significant error made by the authors of the article. All authors must sign a corrigenda that is submitted for publication.
In cases where co-authors disagree, the editors will take advice from independent peer-reviewers and impose the appropriate amendment; noting the dissenting author(s) in the text of the published version.

Addenda
An addendum is a notification of a peer-reviewed addition of information to a paper. An example is a response to a reader’s request for clarification. Addenda do not contradict the original publication. If the author inadvertently omits significant information, the information can be published as an addendum after peer review.
Addenda are published only rarely and only when the editors decide that the addendum is crucial to the reader’s understanding of a significant part of the published contribution.

Upon submission to the European Mechanical Science (EMS), an article processing fee (APC) is required to cover costs such as digital printing, typesetting, journal staff, and layout software. This fee is charged regardless of the acceptance or rejection of the article, and it is requested at the time of submission. However, a waiver is granted for authors from countries outside Türkiye, and no payment is required from them. Payments are only accepted from authors affiliated with institutions in Türkiye, in accordance with the criteria set by the Inter-University Council (ÜAK).

Article Charge: 1000.00 TRY

EMS, Makale başvurusu sırasında -kabul/ret şartına bağlı olmaksızın- ücret talep etmektedir.

Editor in Chief

Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering

Editorial Board

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Ezree ABDULLAH Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Web

Professional

Civil Construction Engineering, Transportation and Traffic, Transportation Engineering
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Prof. Dr. Iulian ANTONİAC University Politecnica of Bucharest Web

Iulian Antoniac is Full Professor in Materials Engineering and Biomaterials, Habil in Materials Engineering, Head of Department Metallic Materials Science and Physical Metallurgy, Member of the Senate of the National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Romania. He received his B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., and Postdoc degrees in Materials Science at University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest.
Professor Iulian Antoniac research interests include metallic materials obtaining, characterization and testing; advanced techniques for surface characterization; microscopy techniques; functional materials; biomaterials; bioceramics; coatings; biodegradable metals; biocomposites; implants for orthopedics and dentistry; advanced materials for smart industrial applications; physical and chemical characterization of nano- and micro- particles for biomedical applications.
Professor Iulian Antoniac act as Fellow, Biomaterials Science and Engineering (FBSE), Corresponding Member of the Academy of Romanian Scientist, Past President of the International Society for Ceramics in Medicine (ISCM) and President of the Romanian Society for Biomaterials. He is the author of numerous scientific international papers, publications and proceedings on materials engineering and biomaterials. He is Editor in Chief for the journal Materials Science Forum, editorial board member for other journals and reviewer for more than 50 journals. In 2005, he received the Daniel Bunea Award from the Romanian Society for Biomaterials. Also, he receives many awards for their patents at various international fairs and exhibitions dedicated to patents.

Dental Materials and Equipment, Biofabrication, Biomaterials in Biomedical Engineering, Medical Devices, Biomaterial , Functional Materials, Metals and Alloy Materials
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Prof. Dr. Murat DEMİRAL American University of the Middle East Web
Solid Mechanics
Tomasz Garbowski
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tomasz GARBOWSKİ Poznań University of Life Sciences Web

An Associate Professor at the Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland. He has got also some experience while working as assistant professor, visiting professor and researcher at various Polish and foreign universities, e.g.: Poznan University of Technology, Poland; Politecnico di Milano, Italy; Lunds Univeristet, Sweden; Univerza v Ljubljani, Slovenia; Koszalin University of Technology, Poland.

Solid Mechanics, Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering, Computational Material Sciences
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Prof. Dr. Erdogan MADENCİ The University of Arizona College of Engineering Web

Erdogan Madenci, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering at the University of Arizona. With a rich academic background, including a Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics from UCLA and multiple degrees from Lehigh University, Dr. Madenci has held various esteemed positions such as Visiting Faculty at MIT and Visiting Scientist at NASA. He is a Fellow of ASME, an Associate Fellow of AIAA, and the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Peridynamics and Nonlocal Modeling. His research focuses on engineering mechanics, multiphysics simulations, and nonlocal modeling, earning him numerous awards, including the IEEE Electronic Packaging Society's Outstanding Sustained Technical Contribution Award.

Theoretical and Applied Mechanics in Mathematics, Solid Mechanics, Composite and Hybrid Materials
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Prof. Dr. Sandra PASZKİEWİCZ West Pomeranian University of Technology Web
Materials Engineering (Other), Micro and Nanosystems
Ana Pilipović
Prof. Dr. Ana PİLİPOVİć University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Web

Ana Pilipović start to work at University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in the Chair of Polymer Processing, Department of Technology in 2008. and done her doctoral thesis on October 2012., with the topic of the additive manufacturing: Influence of processing parameters on the properties of polymer prototype. From 2008 she is participated in several science international and domestic project like FP7, H2020, IPA, IRI, IRI2, Eco-Innovation, Croatian science foundation and projects from Croatian Ministry of Science and Education. Her special interest lies in additive manufacturing, polymer processing, composite processing, recycling of polymers, mechanical testing of polymers, biopolymers, etc. Up to now she has published as author and co-author 242 scientific and professional papers in journals and conference proceedings in Croatia and abroad. She was a visiting professor at Tecnologico de Monterrey Santiago de Queretaro, San Luis Potosi and Guadalajara, Mexico, Çukurova University Adana, Turkey, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Maribor, Slovenia and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. She has published chapters in 3 books, mentored 40 master and baccularius theses, 2 rector's award, and is currently mentoring 8 doctorates in the fields of medicine, dentistry and mechanical engineering. In addition to teaching at her home university, she gives lectures at the Polytechnic of Zagreb (Zagreb University of Applied Sciences) and the University of Lyon, France. She won the award "Vera Johanides" for young scientists in 2014 in the field of additive manufacturing awarded by the Croatian Academy of Engineering (HATZ). She is now associate professor and head of Chair of Polymer Processing in University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture.

Polymer Technologies, Polymers and Plastics
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Prof. Dr. Raul CAMPİLHO Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto Web

Prof. Dr. Raul Campilho received his Habilitation (Título de Agregado) in Mechanical Engineering from the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto in 2020. He completed his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering in 2009, his M.Sc. in 2006, and his Graduation in 2003, all from the same institution. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto.

Prof. Campilho's research interests include material characterization, polymers, composite materials, material joining processes, adhesive joints, finite element method, and fracture mechanics. He also works on advanced manufacturing systems, automation and robotics, industrial design, and underwater robotics.

He has published 320 journal articles, 136 book chapters, and 23 books. Additionally, he has supervised 5 Ph.D. theses and 167 M.Sc. dissertations. His contributions to the field have been recognized with 16 awards. He has also been involved in various national and international research projects.

Solid Mechanics, Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering, Machine Design and Machine Equipment, Material Design and Behaviors
Nadir Yılmaz
Prof. Dr. Nadir YILMAZ Howard University Web

Nadir Yilmaz is a professor and the department chair of Mechanical Engineering at Howard University, as well as, a licensed professional engineer (P.E.) and consultant. He received B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Istanbul Technical University, Bradley University and New Mexico State University, respectively. He is a Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International). He has been a noted author of many publications in the fields of combustion, CFD, rocket propulsion and automotive engineering. He was a NASA Academic Mission Services (NAMS) Faculty Researcher, and a U.S. Department of Energy Visiting Faculty at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories. He has educated and mentored many underrepresented minority and female students via various STEM programs including the NSF-funded AMP (Alliance for Minority Participation) program.

Dr. Yilmaz serves as the Editor-In-Chief for the SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants and as a member of the editorial board of numerous international journals. In addition, he serves on SAE Foundation Board of Trustees, NSPE Education Foundation Board of Trustees, New Mexico AMP Advisory Board and the Board of Directors of Society of Automotive Engineers of Turkey. Dr. Yilmaz has also served as the Past Chair of SAE Education Board, NSPE Higher Education Executive Board, ASEE Aerospace Division, SAE Washington DC Section and ASME New Mexico Section. In a Governor-appointed position, Dr. Yilmaz previously served on the New Mexico State Board of Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Surveyors.

Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering, Aerospace Engineering

Technical Editors

Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Automotive Engineering (Other)
Automotive Engineering, Automotive Safety Engineering, Automotive Engineering Materials, Automotive Engineering (Other)
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Res. Assist. Dr. Berkay KARACOR ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Automotive Engineering Materials, Automotive Engineering (Other)

Language Editorial Board

British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture

Dergi TR Dizin'de Taranmaktadır.

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